Fertility Treatments

IVF

IUI

Male pre-treatment screening tests

Female pre-treatment screening tests

Endoscopy / keyhole surgeries

How to save money on IVF medication?

FAQ

Examination of the male counterpart is an organic part of managing infertility for a couple. Upon 3-5 days of sexual temperance the male partner is required to submit sperm sample and blood test is taken. This can be done at the time of the first consultation.

Sperm samples are analyzed and evaluated using highly accurate, advanced equipment and then they undergo bacterial testing as well. If the tests reveal disorders of the male reproductive function then andrology consultation is recommended.
If you already have had these tests done within 12 month please bring your results with you to your 1st consultation so that they will not have to be repeated.

Spermiogram:

Identification of the absolute number of sperms. Analysis of the mobility of sperms. Identification of the ratio of normal shape cells. Taken in situ with 3-5 days of temperance.

Male reproductive function depends on the condition and status of sperms. It is influenced by the number, the morphology as well as the motility of sperms. In about 60% of the cases infertility is the result of some disorder on the male side.

Normal spermiogram results are defined by the WHO as follows:

Volume: min. 2ml Concentration: min. 20 million/ml Total number of sperms: min.40 million Motility: min. 50% Morphology: min. 30% normal

Evaluation of spermiograms:

low number of sperms, less than 20 million/ml  (Oligozoospermia) ratio of motile sperms is less than 50%  (Asthenozoospermia) ratio of sperms of abnormal morphology is greater than 70% (Teratozoospermia) If all three parameters fall out of the range of normal values is called OAT syndrome

In cases where values fall out of the normal range the probability for spontaneous pregnancy decreases. If the number of sperms is lower than the normal values then under natural circumstances less sperms reach the egg, if however the motility or morphology is compromised then the rate of survival is decreased, allowing less sperms to reach the egg.

In certain cases the reason behind infertility is immune in nature. The immune system of the female body may produce antibody against the sperms of the male partner, or in other cases the male immune system may produce antibodies against his own sperms. In both cases, the immune response described above causes the sperms to collide, thereby damaging their reproductive ability.

If the ejaculate contains sperms low in number or of abnormal morphology then ICSI (Intra- Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) is used to enhance insemination. It is important to note however that for oligozoospermia (less than 20 million sperm / ml) and azoospermia (no sperm in semen), infertility is the result of the malformation of the Y chromosomes. This abnormality is inherited in male descendants; therefore it is possible and indeed recommended to diagnose such chromosome abnormalities prior to assisted reproduction procedures.

Bacterial testing
Urinary testing.
Analysis of the semen.
Testing of the semen for Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, Neisseria, Gardnerella.
For suspected urogenital inflammation further andrological examination is recommended:
Prostate massage and testing of the urine sample for Chlamydia, Ureaplasma / Mycoplasma.

Viral tests
HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Chlamydia

Genetics (if needed)
Male infertility examinations (Y chromosome microdeletions, cystic fibrosis, X and Y chromosome anuploids)

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